Tip of the day – Page 174

Management of mealybug in sugarcane crop

Drain excess water
Use resistant varieties: CO 439, CO 443, CO 720, CO 730 and CO 7704
Spray THiamethoxam 25 % WP @1 00 gram 500 gram/acre.
Spray thiamethoxam 12.6% + lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC @ + beauveria bassiana 500 gram/acre.

The mealybugs are pinkish with a white waxy covering and hundreds are found attached to the lower nodes of sugarcane under the leaf sheaths.
Sooty mold develops on the honeydew giving a blackish appearance on canes.
Severe attack results in stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, deposition of sticky honeydew, and development of sooty mould which lead to poor juice quality.

The adult fly is orange colored with a blackhead.
Mustard sawfly larvae feed on the leaves of rapeseed and mustard making holes. mustard sawflySometimes they eat up the entire lamina of the leaf leaving behind the midribs.
It appears in the month of October and its peak season of activity is in November.
The population disappears suddenly at the onset of winter.

Use disease-free certified seed.
Remove and destroy the disease infected wheat plants to check the spread of disease.
Treat the seeds with carboxin 37.5 +thiram 37.5% @ 2.5 gm / kg seed.
Weekly Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or
SprayThiophanate methyl 70% Wp 300 ml/acre.

Affected plants show typical eye-shaped lesions with light gray centers and dark brown spots on wheat leaves.
The blast affected wheat spikes, with typical bleached head symptoms from the point of infection.
complete bleaching of a wheat spike above the point of infection by blast fungus.

Use disease free certified seed.
Do not grow pea for at least two years in the same land that has carried on infected crop.
Remove and destroy the disease infected pea plants to check the spread of disease.
Treat the seeds with carboxin 37.5 +thiram 37.5% @ 2.5 gm / kg seed.
Weekly Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or
Spray kitazin 48.0 w/w 400 ml/acre.

Leaves, stems and pods of pea are susceptible to infection.
Small reddish-brown, slightly sunken spots form on the pods .
These spots are rapidly developing into large, dark-sunken lesions on plants .
In moist weather, masses of pink spores develop on these lessons.
Infection of the leaves causes blacking along the veins particularly on the under surface.

- Leaf rust is caused by the fungus.
- The first signs of the disease (sporulation) occur 10-14 days after infection
- Leaf rust produces reddish-orange coloured spores which occur in small, 1.5 mm, circular to oval-shaped pustules.
- These are found on the top surface of the leaves, distinguishing leaf rust from stem rust which is found on both surfaces of the leaf.
- The spores require 15 to 20ºC temperature and free moisture (dew/rain/irrigation) on the leaves to successfully infect wheat.

Management-

Crop rotation is very important.
Growing resistant varieties is an economical and environmentally friendly way of disease reduction.
During the growing season, active crop monitoring is very important for an early detection of diseases.
Avoid repeated use of fungicides with the same active ingredient.
Spray Kasugamycin 5% + Copper Oxychloride 45% WP 320 gm/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC 240 ml/acre.

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Leaf rust is caused by the fungus.
The first signs of the disease (sporulation) occur 10-14 days after infection
Leaf rust produces reddish-orange colored spores that occur in small, 1.5 mm, circular to oval-shaped pustules.
These are found on the top surface of the leaves, distinguishing leaf rust from stem rust which is found on both surfaces of the leaf.
The spores require 15 to 20ºC temperature and free moisture (dew/rain/irrigation) on the leaves to successfully infect wheat.