Gram Salah – Page 685

Climate for cowpea cultivation

Cowpea is a warm season crop and can be grown in all tropical and subtropical areas.
Grain types and dual purpose types are tolerant to hardy conditions including high temperature, and poor soil.
The climbing yard long bean prefers mild climate than grain types.
Performance of varieties varies with day length, rainfall and temperature hence specific varieties are to be selected for each season.
Cowpea grows well between 21 to 35 oC temperature.

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Cowpea can be grown almost in any type of soil but well-drained loamy or slightly heavy soils are better.
Saline or alkaline soils are not good.
Ideal soil pH for growth of cowpea is 5.5-6.0.

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The affected plants have to be uprooted and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease.
For effective control of aphid fortnightly spray of acephate 75% SP @ 300-400 gm/acre or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 100 ml/acre or acetamiprid 20% SP @ 150-200 gm/ acre.

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Then caterpillars bore into the pods and feed on the seeds.
If flowers and pods are not available, larva feeds on foliage.
Application of deep plowing and clean cultivation to expose the resting pupae and crop rotation reduce the pest population.
Use tolerant/resistant varieties.
Fix 3 feet sticks in the field @10/ha as bird parches to attract predatory birds
Spray chlorpyrifos 20% EC 450 ml/ acre or indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 160-200 ml/ acre.
Spray solution of emamectin benzoate 5% SG@ 100 gm/acre.

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Nymphs are oval, scale-like and greenish-white in colour.
Adults are 1 mm long, covered completely with a white waxy bloom.
Nymphs and adults suck the cell sap from the leaves.
The affected leaves curl and dry.
The affected plants show stunted growth.
Whiteflies are also responsible for transmitting yellow vein mosaic virus or leaf curl disease.
Soil application of Carbofuran 3% GR 8 kg/acre at the time of sowing.
Spray Dimethoate 30% EC @ 250 gram/acre at fortnightly interval.
Pesticide spraying should be changed at every 15 days interval.

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Due to larvae being mature, they cause extensive damage by eating pods from inside.
After infection by the pod borer larvae, the pod is desiccated and dried in an early stage.
Before sowing, make deep plowing of the field and destroy insects eggs and cocoons in the soil.
Selection the short duration varieties of moong for sowing.
Maintain a certain distance between moong plants.
Spray Chlorpyrifos 20% EC 450 ml/ acre or Indoxacarb 14.5% SC@ 160-200 ml/ acre.
Spray solution of Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG@ 100 gm/acre.

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The okra is sown on the flat soil or the ridge, if the soil is heavy then it should be sown on the ridge.
Hybrid varieties of okra are applied on a distance of 75 x 30 cm or 60 x 45 cm.
Irrigation is beneficial for 3-4 days before sowing the okra.
The seeds sprout in about 4-5 days.

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Plants infected with thrips develop spotted appearance on leaves which turn pale-white blotches due to drainage of sap. Due to thrips attack reduces production.
For effective control spray profenofos 50% EC 400 ml/acre or fipronil 5% SC 400 ml/acre or thiamethoxam 25% SG 200 gm/acre after every 10 days interval.
Spray neem seed kernal extract (NSKE) 5% or triazophos @ 350 ml/acre.

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Well-drained silt or loam soil are suited for cultivation.
For rainfed cultivation, soil should be clay in nature and the pH should be 6-8.
Coriander performs well at a temperature range of 20-25oC.
Cool and comparatively dry and frost-free climate is suitable for coriander.

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