Gram Salah – Page 659

Soil selection for sorghum

Soil should be water-bearing capacity, which is best suited for the cultivation of Sorghum.
Sorghum can be successfully grown on loam or sandy loam soil.

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Caterpillars feed on leaves and flowers.
Sometimes they bore into the developing fruit.
Before planting watermelon for effective control, cultivate deep in the field and destroy the cocoon of insect.
Determine the time of sowing, according to the number of this pest which is less heat during the summer season.
Properly manage the weeds.
Spray cypermethrin 10% EC @ 350-500 ml/acre.
Or spray Fipronil 5% SC @ 250-300 ml/acre

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Leaves, stems and pods of cowpea are susceptible to infection.
Small reddish-brown, slightly sunken spots form on the pods and rapidly develop into large, dark-sunken lesion.
In moist weather, masses of pink spores develop on these lessons.
Infection of the leaves causes blacking along the veins particularly on the under surface.
Use disease free certified seed.
Do not grow cowpea for at least two years in the same land that has carried on infected crop.
Remove and destroy the disease infected cowpea plants to check the spread of disease.
Treat the seeds with carboxin 37.5 +thiram 37.5% @ 2.5 gm / kg seed.
Weekly spray with mancozeb 75% WP@ 400-600/acre.

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Seeds of bushy varieties are dibbled at a spacing of 30 X 5 cm with 1-2 seeds per hole.
For semi-trailing varieties provide a spacing of 45 X 30 cm.
During rainy season, seeds are sown at the above spacing in raised beds of 90 cm width.
Trailing varieties are sown in pits of 45-60 cm diameter and 30-45 cm depth at a spacing of 2 X 2 cm with 3 plants /pit for trailing on bower.

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Water soaked lesions appear on under surface of leaf lamina.
Angular spots appear on upper surface similar to water-soaked lesions.
Lesions appear first on the older croton leaves and progressively on the younger leaves.
As the lesions expand, they may remain yellow or become dry and brown.
Affected vines do not set fruit properly.
Plucking and destroy of affected leaves.
Use resistant cultivars.
Crop rotation and sanitation reduces the severity of the disease.
Spray with Mancozeb 75% WP @ 350-400 gm/acre or Chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 200-250 gm/ acre.

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The maggots burrow into the fruits and suck the sap.
Infested fruits decay and drop.
The fly mainly prefers tender fruits for egg laying.
Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury on fruits and fruit juices oozes out.
Collect and destroy infested fruits.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in snake gourd field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Soil incorporation of carbaryl 10% dust can be made in fruit fly endemic areas.
Spraying of Dichlorovas @3 ml/lit of water at fortnightly intervals.
Deep ploughing to expose hibernating stages.

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Depending upon availability incorporate 2.5-3.5 tonnes /acre farmyard manure in the soil at the time of field preparation.
At the time of final land preparation, 24 kg of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) 48 kg of Single Super Phosphate and 20 kg muriate of potash should be applied for one acre.
Half of the Nitrogen fertilizers, whole phosphorus and potash may be applied at the time of final ploughing.
If seeds are inoculated with rhizobium culture, the dose of CAN be reduced to 16 kg per acre.
In zinc deficient areas zinc sulphate @ 8 kg/acre may be applied in soil.
Remaining nitrogen may be applied 15-20 days after sowing.

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23/03/2019

Initially, the plants show temporary wilting symptoms which become permanent and progressive.
The leaves of the affected plants show yellowing, loose turgidity and show drooping symptoms.
Eventually, the plants die.
Cutting the base of the stem revel a dark woody portion.
Continuous cultivation of okra on the same piece of land should be avoided.
Crop rotation should be applied in case of fields are severely infected.
Spray of thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 200-300 gm /acre.
And spray of hexaconazole 5% EC @ 250-400 ml/acre is also effective.

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