Gram Salah – Page 655

Irrigation Management of Okra

Irrigation Management of Okra:-

First irrigation should be given when first true leaf initiates in springs summer and when it expands in Kharif season.
Subsequent irrigations at 4-5 days Intervals are given to summer crop.
If temperature goes around 40 ⁰C frequent light irrigation are recommended for proper fruiting.
The soil should be kept moist and flooding or wilting of plants should be avoided.
Moisture stress during flowering and fruit/seed setting causes around 70% crop losses.
The nutrient uptake from soil is also at peak during fruit set and development stage.
A water stress in the field during this period not only cause yield reductions but also affects the nutritional status of the fruits.

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As insect pupates in the soil, deep plowing soon after the crop exposes and kill grubs and pupae.
Apply Cartap hydrochloride 3 G granule + 2 kg beauveria bassiana 3-4cm deep in the soil near the base of germinated seedlings.
Spray the crop with2 kg beauveria bassiana + Cypermathrin 4 % EC +Profenofos 40%EC @ 400 ML/acre.or
Spray the crop with 2 kg beauveria bassiana + lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200ml/acre.

The grubs feed on the roots and underground portion of host plants and fruits touching the soil.
The damaged roots and infested underground, a portion of stems start rotting due to secondary infection by saprophytic fungi, and the unripe fruits of such vines dry up.
Infested fruits become unfit for human consumption.
Adult beetles feed voraciously on leaf lamina making irregular holes.
They prefer young seedling and tender leaves and damage may even kill the seedlings.

Use uniform irrigation and fertilization practices to prevent the phase of bulb splitting.
The use of slow growth of the onion bulb varieties can reduce the incidence of this disorder.

Uneven irrigation of onion fields increases the incidence of this disorder.
Fields that are over irrigated, allowed to dry completely and then over irrigated again often have many split bulbs.
Bulb mites are frequently associated with bulb splitting.

Use healthy seeds and treat them with Carbendazim+Mancozeb @ 250 Gm/ quintals seed before sowing.
Spray infected crop with Mancozeb 75% @ 400 gm/Acre at flowering and afterwards at 10-15 days intervals . or
Spray infected crop with Thiophanate methyl 70% Wp @ 250 gram/acre.or
Spray infected crop with Chlorothrlonil 75% WP @ 250 gram/acre.
Remove diseased plants and destroy them.
Maintain proper drainage.

Small, purple spots appear on leaves which may enlarge, turn brown and become zonate with a definite margin.
Similar lesions also appear on the stem which elongate and coalesce causing browning or blackening of stem.
On the pods, lesions are tan or brown in colour and irregular having a dark margin.

To install solar panels under the Kusum scheme, farmers have to pay 10 percent of the total cost of the equipment.
The remaining amount, 30 percent will be paid by the Central Government as subsidy while 30 percent by the State Government.
Remaining 30 percent, farmers can take loans from banks.
The government also helps farmers take loans from banks.

Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) scheme main object farmers will be able to easily irrigate their fields without any hindrance.
Central Government has given its responsibility to Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) Company

Marigolds are highly valuable for medicinal purposes like headaches, swelling, toothache, wounds, Cancer & Rashes and many skin problems
Petals of marigold for decorations and other purposes like make-up, coloring food (stews, soups, pudding etc) dying fabrics
Heals Skin Wounds, Burns ,Cancer & Rashes.
Marigolds are also used in extract form in candles.