Gram Salah – Page 655

Importance of Microbes in Soil (ZnSB )

05/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

India’s agricultural land has a deficit of zinc is 50%, which will be up to 63% by 2025.
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. But it remains unavailable in the soil which plants cannot use easily.
This bacterium provides an available form of zinc and as well as control of ‘Khera disease’ in paddy, increased crop yield and quality of yield, improve soil health and increases the activity of hormones and also increases the activity of photosynthesis.
Zinc-soluble bacteria produce organic acids in the soil and convert insoluble zinc (zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, and zinc carbonate) into Zn+ (Available form of Zinc) form and maintain soil pH.
zinc soluble bacteria @ 2 kg/acre mix with 50 kg of well-decomposed FYM and broadcast in the field.

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An Improved Variety of Soybean:- JS 20-29

05/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

JS 20-29 is a new high yielding variety approx 10-12q/acre. which has been developed by Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya.
High germinability, multiple diseases resistant.
The leaf is pointed, oval and dark green. The branches three to four, medium to tall approx 100 cm.
Flower color is white.
It is an early maturing variety, duration 90-95 days, having bold seeds (Seed weight- 13 gram per 100 seeds ).

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Save cauliflower to diseases – May cause serious damage

03/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

Due to the fungal diseases about 4 – 25% crop loss has been reported in production.
Cauliflower is one of the important vegetable crops in India.
Black rot, Soft rot, Alternaria leaf spot, Downy mildew, and wilt, etc. disease causes serious damage and reduces the quality of cauliflower crop.
Management practices is more important to control of disease:-
For Black rot & Soft rot :- Spray of Streptocycline @ 20 gm/acre and Copper Oxychloride 50% @ 300 gm/acre.
For fungal disease :- Spray of Mancozeb 75% WP @ 400 gm/acre OR Carbendazim 50% @ 300gm/acre OR Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WP @ 120 gm/acre can be used.

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How to Take care of insect pests & diseases at bud initiation stage of mungbean

02/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

- Pest and disease control is also important if one wants to achieve high production.
- The loss in the production caused by pest and diseases may reach up to 70% depending upon the severity of the attack.
- In the summer season, During bud initiation, mungbean may be infested by pod borer, tobacco caterpillar, etc.
- Mung bean, just like any other legume crop, it is highly susceptible to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. On different growing stages of leaves, stems and roots symptoms can be seen like yellowing, blight and root rot.
- For Pest control Monocrotophos 36% SL @ 300 ml/acre, Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG @ 100 gm/acre (for Gram pod borer) and Flubendiamide 20% WG @ 100gm/acre OR Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 160-200ml/acre (for tobacco caterpillar).
- For Disease control, use carbendazim 50% WP @ 300 gram/acre (for blight) and Thiophenate Methyle 70% WP @ 250-300 gram/acre.
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Importance of Iron in Crop Production

02/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

Iron (Fe) is essential for crop growth and production. Iron is a component of many enzymes associated with energy transfer, nitrogen reduction, and fixation.
In high pH, soil iron turns into unavailable form.
Young leaves are chlorotic in iron-deficient plants.
Pale yellow mottling starts at the base of the leaves and spreads upward along the midrib and outward along the veins.
Its deficiency can be corrected by spray @150-200g/acre ferrous sulfate till the chlorotic symptoms do not appear on young leaves.

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Kasie bachaein baigan ko fruit borer se

01/05/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

The damage to the fruits starts soon after transplanting and continues till harvesting of the fruits.
It can reduce yield by as much as 70%.
Multiple overlapping generations occur in warm climates.
The short pinkish larva of the pest initially bore into the terminal shoots resulting in withering and drying of the shoot.
In the later stage, it bores into the young fruits by making holes and feeds inside and lose their market value fruits plugged with excreta.

Management:

Install pheromone trap @ 5 /acre .
Continuous cropping of brinjal on the same piece of land should be avoided.
Fruits showing boring should be picked and destroyed.
Spray the crop with Cypermethrin 10% EC @ 300ml/acre or Lambda Cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 200-250 ml/acre at fortnight intervals starting from 35 days after transplanting to control the pest.
Best results are obtained when all the affected fruits are removed before spraying.

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How to maintain healthy chilli nursery

30/04/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

A major Problem:- Damping off

In the nursery the disease may appear in patches, Seedlings die due to this disease before or after emergence.
If we carefully dig down into the soil, you will find seeds that have become soft and mushy which will start to disintegrate.
The stem of young seedlings showing water soaking lesions, brownish color and shriveling of the stem which fall over and die.
Optimal conditions for the development of the disease are:- Poor drainage, High relative humidity (90-100%) and higher soil temperature (20-28 °C)

Management–

Provide light, but frequent irrigation with better drainage.
Thiophanate methyl applies on soil 0.5 gm/square meter at the time of nursery bed preparation.
Second Spray at 20 DAS:- Metalaxyl-M ( Mefanoxam ) 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP 500 gm/acre.

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Virus problem and solution in mungbean

28/04/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

During the stages of this crop, the symptoms of yellow mosaic, leaf curl, and crinkle disease can be seen by the virus.
The grain yield losses range from 2-95% in mungbean depending on plant age and symptoms onset.
control of these diseases foliar spray of thiamethoxam 25% WG 60-100 gram per acre. OR imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 100 ml per acre at 15 DAS.

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How to improve production by improving soil health

28/04/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

To increase the production by 50%, we should take three important measures in the soil

Increasing the amount of nutrients in the soil.
Improve the physical condition of the soil.
Maintaining the balance of pH in the soil.

To increase the amount of nutrients in the soil

After harvesting the previous crop, the crop residues should not be destroyed by fire.
After harvesting, cultivate the farm twice, so that the crop residues dissolve and provide nutrients to the plants.
Apply FYM @ 10 t/acre OR Vermicompost 2.5 t /acre + SSP @100 kg apply at the time of ploughing in the field.
Apply (1 kg of micronutrients + PSB 2 kg + KMB 2 kg + NFB 2 kg + ZnSB 4 kg + Trichoderma 2 kg) per acre on sowing time.

2. To improve the physical condition of the soil –

If the farmer having an adequate amount of water plough the field after harvesting and mix speedkampost @ 4kg/acre, after mixing provide one irrigation.
In 15-20 days, crop residues with the help of Speed kampost disintegrate well and improve soil structure.
3. For the pH balance of soil –
To control the soil pH, slow-release nutrients should be used.
Fertilizers should be used in a balanced amount of more Acid and Base content.
The soil pH rage maintains between 6.0 to 7.0 for good production of crops.
For the improvement of acidic soil, the amount of calcium carbonate should be applied according to the soil test report.
For the improvement of alkaline soil, gypsum should be applied according to the soil test report.

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Yellowing leaves may cause more damage in Brinjal

27/04/2019 Tuesday January 12th, 2021

- Brinjal is one of the most widely grown vegetables in the world including India.
- Yellowing on the leaves of brinjal may indicate a more serious problem.
- Yellowing in the leaves can be due to various reasons such as insect (spider, bug, and juice insect), diseases (wilt and viral-borne disease) and deficiency of nitrogen, etc. Due to yellowing in plants, the yield is less and consequently, there is an economic loss.
- To increase the availability of nitrogen, mix nitrogen fixation and phosphorus-soluble bacteria with nitrogen fertilizers in the field @ 2 kg/acre.
- To protect the brinjal crop from insect problem, can spray propergite 50% EC @ 400 ml (for spider) and Dichlorvos 76% EC @ 300 ml (for lace bug) per acre.
- To prevent yellowing from diseases, spray carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP @ 200 gram and streptocycline at 20 gram/acre, and control the disease spreading insects.

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