Gramophone – Page 31

Control of Collar rot in chilli

Destroy of the debris of diseased plants.
Crop rotation and ensure good drainage.
Sowing of seeds on raised nursery beds.
Treating seeds with Carbendazim 12%+ Mancozeb 64% @ 3gm/ kg seeds before sowing.
Soil drenching with Carbendazim 50% @ 300 gm/acre or Metalaxyl 8%+Mancozeb 64% @ 500 gm/acrer.

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The lower portion of the stem is affected by the soil-borne inoculum.
Decortication is the main symptom.
Exposure and necrosis of underlying tissues may lead to the collapse of the plant.
Near the ground surface on the stem may be seen the mycelia.
Lack of plant vigor accumulation of water around the stem and mechanical injuries helps in the development of this disease.

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The maggot burrows into the fruit and feeds on fruit pulp.
Infested fruits decay and drop.
They fly mainly prefer tender fruits for egg-laying.
Ovipositional punctures caused by adults also cause injury on fruits and fruit juices oozes out.
Collect and destroy infested fruits.
To prevent egg-laying, fly traps(pheromone trap) can be set up in the field with 1% Methyl Eugenol or Citronella oil or Vinegar or Dextrose or Acetic acid or Lactic acid.
Cover developing fruits with paper or polythene cover immediately after anthesis pollination.
Maize plants grown in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm in cucurbit field is effective as flies rest on such tall plants.
Deep plowing to expose hibernating stages.
spray dichlorvos 76% EC 250 to 500ml/acre or
Lambda Cyhalothrin 4.9%CS @ 200 ml/acre. or
Profenofos 40%EC + Cypermethrin 4 %EC @ 400 ml/acre

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The flowering stage is most important for any crop.
Flower drop is a common problem in chilli.
Flowering plays a vital role in the production of chilli.
We can get good flowering and to save flower drop as well as takes high yield through given products.
Spray Homobrassinolide 0.04% w/w 100-120 ml/acre. or Hoshi 250 gm/acre
Apply seaweed extract 180-200 ml/acre.
Use multi-micro nutrients 300 gm/acre.

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The planting distance may vary according to variety early, mid and late.
planting seasons (Rabi, Kharif, and Zaid ) and soil conditions (light, medium and heavy).
The following distances are generally recommended on the basis of the maturity of varieties.
For early varieties:- 45 X 45 cm.
For mid varieties:- 60 X 40 cm.
For late varieties:- 60 X 60 cm. or 60 X45 cm.

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1 to 2 corrosive plowing by a soil turning plow followed by 3 to 4 plowing with desi plow is enough for it.
Well, rotten compost or farmyard manure is mixed in soil at the time of plowing.
If the soil is infested with nematodes Carbofuran @ 10 kg/Acre.
Ridges and furrow type of layout is used for the crop.

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Symptoms are primarily visible in the rapidly growing areas because of the very low mobility of calcium in plant tissues.
Calcium-deficient leaves show chlorosis and then necrosis around the base of the leaves.
The plants become flaccid; dead spots appeared on the upper stems and the growing apex died.
Upper leaf coloration initially was a darker green, but, later turning yellow at the edges and died.
Fruits showing blossom end rot were found to ripen less rapidly. Blossom end rot is closely associated with Ca deficiency of the fruit.

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Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Because neck and node blast affects the panicle directly, yield losses in affected plants are very high.
Node infection occurs in a banded pattern.
Lesions on the node are blackish to grayish brown.
Infected nodes can cause the culm or the part of the plant that holds the panicle to break.
Lesions on the neck are grayish brown and can cause girdling, making the neck and the panicle fall over.
If the infection of the neck occurs before the milky stage, no grain is formed, but if infection occurs later, poor quality grains are formed.
Neck and node blast can also cause whiteheads or white panicles, similar to stem borer infection.

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